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The red road
The red road is a modern, English-language concept of the right path of life, as inspired by some of the beliefs found in a variety of Native American spiritual teachings.〔Evan T Pritchard, ''Native American Stories of the Sacred: Annotated & Explained,'' Sky Light Illuminations: 2005. Quote: "Black Elk, in ''The Sacred Pipe'', speaks of the Red Road as the north-south cross of the Medicine Wheel, and the east-west cross as the black or blue road, the way we ..."〕 The term is used primarily in the Pan-Indian and New Age communities,〔McGaa, Ed, ''Rainbow Tribe: Ordinary People Journeying on the Red Road''. HarperCollins, 2009.〕〔Deloria, Philip J., ''Playing Indian''. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998. ISBN 978-0-300-08067-4. Chapter Six: "Counterculture Indians and the New Age"〕〔Huhndorf, Shari Michelle, ''Going Native: Indians in the American Cultural Imagination''. Cornell University Press, 2001. p.164〕 and rarely among traditional Indigenous people,〔〔 who have terms in their own languages for their spiritual ways.〔''Native American Stories of the Sacred: Annotated & Explained'', 2005- Page xi "One unifying feature of Native American belief is the concept of the "Red Road," though each tribe and nation also has its own name for it. Black Elk speaks of the Red Road in the book The Sacred Pipe."〕 Native Americans' spiritual teachings are diverse. While some peoples share common elements in their beliefs, the cultures are highly individualized. The ceremonies and many of the beliefs are unique to the people of these diverse bands, tribes and nations.〔
==Black Elk==
in his book ''Black Elk Speaks,'' John G. Neihardt explored spiritual beliefs as he says they were told to him by Black Elk (1863–1950), an Oglala Lakota.〔Neihardt, John G. (1932, William Morrow & Company) ''Black Elk Speaks''〕 Neihardt is non-Native and in the late 20th century his work was criticized as diverging from, and misrepresenting, Lakota beliefs and ceremonies.〔DeMallie, Raymond (Nebraska University Press, 1985). ''The Sixth Grandfather: Black Elk's Teachings Given to John G. Neihardt'', ISBN 0803265646. Introduction and notes throughout the book.〕〔(Carl Silvio ), Internet Public Library, academic arguments on authorship, translation, and interpretation for prospective audiences have been written by Carl Silvio, among others. Note: This site has been superseded since 2010 by www.ipl2.org, a consortium of universities, accessed 19 June 2011〕 Neihardt claimed that Black Elk believed he had an obligation to "help to bring my people back into the sacred hoop, that they might again walk the red road in a sacred manner pleasing to the powers of the universe that are one power."〔Willis Goth Regier, ''Masterpieces of American Indian Literature''. U of Nebraska Press, 2005, p. 580. ISBN 0-8032-8997-9.〕
"Hear me, four quarters of the world--a relative I am! Give me the strength to walk the soft earth, a relative to all that is! Give me the eyes to see and the strength to understand, that I may be like you. With your power only can I face the winds.
Great Spirit, Great Spirit, my Grandfather, all over the earth the faces of living things are all alike. With tenderness have these come up out of the ground. Look upon these faces of children without number and with children in their arms, that they may face the wind and walk the good road to the day of quiet.
This is my prayer; hear me now!"
- "Black Elk's Prayer for All Life"〔(Walker, "A Social Ethical Analysis of BLACK ELK SPEAKS" ), Southern Methodist University.〕
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